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Failure Analysis on Steam Turbine Using Vibration Monitoring at PT Indonesia Power UPJP Kamojang Unit PLTP Darajat

Tugas Akhir, 042 / 2018 / TME
Undergraduate Theses from JBPTPPOLBAN / 2019-03-28 09:11:37
Oleh : 151211045 - Hasnan Hanifan Nashrullah (hasnan.hanifan@gmail.com)
Dibuat : 2019-03-28, dengan 4 file

Keyword : Steam turbines, vibration, amplitude, time domain, frequency domain
Subjek : Turbin uap, getaran, amplitudo, time domain, frequency domain

Turbin uap merupakan alat yang mengubah energi panas uap menjadi energi mekanik yang dikopel dengan generator sehingga dapat menghasilkan energi listrik. Turbin uap di PT Indonesia Power UPJP Kamojang Unit PLTP Darajat merupakan komponen utama dari sistem pembangkitan. Untuk mengetahui kinerja dari turbin uap tetap pada kondisi optimal, turbin uap perlu dimonitoring pada setiap komponen untuk mengetahui kondisi mesin tersebut. Metode monitoring kondisi mesin yang dilakukan yaitu monitoring getaran. Dengan melakukan monitoring getaran pada turbin uap, dapat diketahui kondisi, sumber dan gejala atau gangguan yang dapat terjadi. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah vibration accelerometer beserta data akuisisinya dan vibscanner. Dengan metode pengukuran getaran terhadap amplitudo, time domain dan frequency domain. Parameter yang digunakan dalam pengukuran getaran adalah velocity dan acceleration dengan titik pengukuran pada arah horizontal, vertikal dan aksial pada bearing housing turbin uap dan generator. Analisis getaran untuk menentukan kondisi turbin uap dilakukan dengan metode analisis trending, comparative dan descriptive. Hasil yang didapat berdasarkan pengukuran dan analisa dari monitoring getaran yang dilakukan berdasarkan nilai amplitudo, time domain dan frequency domain pada turbin uap dan generator di PT Indonesia Power UPJP Kamojang Unit PLTP Darajat menunjukan nilai amplitudo kecepatan getaran tertinggi pada titik pengukuran turbin uap mencapai 1.48 mm/s dimana berdasarkan standar getaran ISO 108163-3 (2.3 mm/s) nilai amplitudo tersebut menunjukan mesin masih dalam kondisi sangat baik dan berdasarkan pengukuran getaran pada turbin uap, terjadi kecenderungan kenaikan nilai amplitudo pada tiap pengukuran. Nilai amplitudo kecepatan getaran tertinggi pada titik pengukuran generator mencapai 2,35 mm/s, dimana berdasarkan standar getaran ISO 108163-3 (2.3 mm/s) nilai amplitudo tersebut menunjukan mesin masih dalam kondisi baik dan berdasarkan pengukuran getaran pada generator, terjadi kecenderungan kenaikan nilai amplitudo tiap pengukuran. Berdasarkan spektrum yang didapat pada turbin uap dan generator, spektrum getaran cenderung mengalami kenaikan nilai amplitudo pada 1x frekuensi fundamental dan 2x frekuensi fundamental, hal ini menunjukan gejala kerusakan unbalance dan misalignment pada turbin uap dan generator. Berdasarkan spektrum tinggi pada frekuensi 1000-2000 Hz, gejala kerusakan pada turbin uap dan generator dimungkinkan karena adanya kerusakan pada blade dan rotor generator.

Deskripsi Alternatif :

A steam turbine is a engine that can change heat energy into mechanical energy which is coupled with a generator so it can create electricity. Steam turbine, located at PT Indonesia Power UPJP Kamojang Unit PLTP Darajat, is the main component of the energy generation system. The steam turbine needs to be monitored for each of its components, so the damage and the potential loss that can be caused by a machine stop, could be prevented and also the check itself is needed to determine whether the performance of the steam turbine in optimum condition or not. The method that is applied in monitoring the machine condition is by vibration monitoring. By doing the vibration monitoring on the steam turbine, the condition of the machine also the distraction source and indications could be revealed. The measuring tool that is used is a vibration accelerometer equipped with its acquisition data and vibscanner. Applying the measurement method with vibration versus amplitude, time domain, and frequency domain. The parameters used in vibration measurement are velocity and acceleration with measurement points in the horizontal, vertical and axial directions of the housing bearings of the steam turbine and generators. Vibration analysis to determine steam turbine condition is done by comparative and descriptive amplitude analysis method. The results obtained based on the measurement and analysis of the vibration monitoring is done based on the amplitude value, time domain and frequency domain on steam turbine and generator at PT Indonesia Power UPJP Kamojang Unit PLTP Darajat shows the highest vibration velocity value at steam turbine measuring point reaches 1.48 mm/s where based on ISO 108163-3 (2.3 mm/s) vibration standard the amplitude value indicates the machine is still in good condition and based on the vibration measurement at steam turbine, there is a tendency to increase the amplitude value at each measurement. The highest vibration amplitude value at the generator measuring point reaches 2.35 mm/s, which based on the ISO 108163-3 (2.3 mm/s) vibration standard indicates that the machine is still in good condition and based on the measurement of vibration on the generator, amplitude value of each measurement. Based on the spectrum obtained on steam turbines and generators, the vibration spectrum tends to increase the amplitude value at 1x the fundamental frequency, this shows the symptoms of unbalance damage to steam turbines and generators. Based on the spectrum obtained on steam turbines and generators, the vibration spectrum tends to increase the amplitude value at 1x the fundamental frequency and 2x the fundamental frequency, this shows the symptoms of unbalance damage and misalignment to steam turbines and generators. Based on the high spectrum at a frequency of 1000-2000 Hz, the symptoms of damage to the steam turbine and generator are possible due to damage to the blade and rotor generator.

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